The male to female ratio at birth in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland: influence of societal stress
نویسنده
چکیده
INTRODUCTION Male live births occur slightly in excess of female births. The ratio of male divided by total births is referred to as M/F. Many factors reduce M/F including toxins, stress, and privation, with excess male foetal loss. "The Troubles" (1969-1998) of Northern Ireland (NI) and the economic downturn of Republic of Ireland (ROI) from 2007 posed stresses with corresponding controls. This study analysed M/F in NI and ROI. METHODS Annual male and female live births in NI and the ROI were compared using chi tests. RESULTS M/F was significantly higher in NI than in ROI. M/F in NI dropped after 1974. M/F rose in ROI up to 1994, then fell. DISCUSSION Violence-related stress may have been the cause for the M/F drop in NI. Economic improvement followed by recession may have caused parallel M/F changes in ROI. These findings agree with the stress hypothesis of M/F.
منابع مشابه
Sex ratio of births in Ireland in 1978.
DATA AND METHODS The data for Northern Ireland for the years 1922-1978 were obtained from the Annual Reports of the Registrar General for Northern Ireland'. For the years 1913 to 1921 the data were obtained from the Second Annual Report of the Registrar General (Northern Ireland), 19232. Provisional data for 19793 were provided by the General Register Office for Northern Ireland. The data for t...
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